Women's Suffrage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Women's Suffrage - Research Paper Example It was also considered inappropriate if women spoke in public or traveled alone. Women were trained to restrain themselves from pursuing any kind of education as it was believed that strong intellectual or physical activity would harm the reproductive system and the biology of the delicate body of a woman. Women were considered to be physically and intellectually inferior to men in the nineteenth century. "Women's interests were deemed to be subsumed in those of men" (Crawford 9). They were believed to be mere objects of beauty and desire and were supposed to be silent spectators of what was happening in their surrounding. Organized religion also added force to this belief of women being inferior to men as it preached stern and distinct sex roles. This inferior treatment of women gave birth to a political and economical reform movement hose motive was to extend the right to vote or suffrage to women. This movement was called the Women's Suffrage movement. "The suffrage movement was a major social movement, which at its peak absorbed the energies of hundreds of thousands and represented a vital extension of the democratic principle" (Scott 9). The movement first originated in the Eighteenth Century in France. New Zealand, which was a self governing colony of Britain, was the first country in 1893, to grant women the right to vote. ... However, some of these were not independent while the others had brief periods of independence. Though the right to vote did not apply to all women, Sweden is believed to be the first independent country to grant women the right to vote, where some women were actually allowed to vote during the age of liberty which was between 1718 and 1771. In Australia some women were given the right to vote in 1901, however this right was given to all non-native women in 1902. International law introduced voting rights to women in 1948 when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was accepted by the United Nations. "Everyone has the right to take part in the Government of his country, directly or through freely chosen representatives" (Donnelly 167). The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, which was adopted in 1979 by the United Nations, also clearly mentioned women's suffrage or the right to vote for women. Throughout the world in various countries at different times suffrage was granted to women. Women's suffrage was granted before universal suffrage in many countries, and women from a few social classes and races were unable to vote. Voting for towns and city assemblies and meetings was open to the heads of the families in medieval France and several other European countries, regardless of their sex. The Corsican Republic of 1755 had granted women's suffrage. The Constitution of the Corsican Republic stipulated a national representative assembly, both men and women over the age of 25 elected it. When France occupied the island in 1769, women's suffrage came to an end. In 1780s and 1790s the movements for women's suffrage is found in the writings of Antoine Condorcet and Olympe de Gouges, in France, who promoted this right

Business Planning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Planning and Development - Essay Example Horlicks is regarded as one of the leading health food drinks all over the world. Brothers namely James and William Horlick of England were the co-inventor of Horlicks. In the year 1873, James and William had established a business to manufacture their own brand of infant food. After 10 years, both the brothers gained patent for their company as a dried milk. From the year 1887, the company marketed its offerings by the name of â€Å"malted milk†. Malted milk had become very popular at that time because it was mixed up with ice cream. Horlicks contains a massive range of vitamins and minerals. It keeps nervous systems healthy. It gives energy to people. Horlicks was the first launched product that is used to increase the nutrition of infants. Horlicks was used in London as hot protein drink when the Olympic Games were held in the year 1948. At that time, Horlicks was very popular because it provided required energy to the players. Consequently, it is comprehended that since th e era of World War II, Horlicks has been marketed as an energy boosting health drink to facilitate its reach amid a wider section of target audience from infants to sports persons. At present, GlaxoSmithKline is the manufacturer of Horlicks in the regions such as the United Kingdom, India, Bangladesh and South Africa among others (Horlicks, 2011). A PEST Analysis to Discuss the Effect of Recent Events on the Modern Communication Efforts of Horlicks It can be apparently stated that the political, economic, social and technological factors significantly affect the marketing communication activities performed by a company. Any kind of changes in events can cause major strategic changes for a brand to market its product. A brand might require altering its pricing and promotional strategies in keeping with changes in economic condition of a nation. Similarly, in case of Horlicks as well these factors have had a considerable influence. Political Environment Political influence can origina te for a product from diverse sources which in turn can affect a brand’s marketing and operational strategies. In relation to Horlicks, it is determined that political factors such as government polices related to food safety can create a significant impact on it progression (Jordan, 1998). In this regard, it is observed that the advertising standards authority (ASA) in the United Kingdom had in recent times objected the commercial tagline used by Horlicks i.e. â€Å"Taller, Stronger, Sharper†. Horlicks has used this tagline in countries such as India as well to provide a commercial direction to its offerings. In addition, Horlicks has utilised the aspect of exam fear prevailing amid children to create a niche market for it’s a majority of variety of products. However, such an approach is viewed as an attempt to cash in on the target consumers fear, insecurity and anxiety (Shukla, 2012). Thus, governing authority in countries such as the UK have clamped down on this kind of promotional endeavour, which in turn can influence Horlicks’s marketing communication efforts. Economic Environment The UK economy has changed from the year 1970. Since that period, there has been a steady rise in the level of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which has